Global Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Global Economic Development - Essay Example Countries that increase their Income but do not also raise life expectancy, reduce infant mortality, and increase literacy rates are missing out of some important aspects of development. The economic development of a country is defined as the development of the economic wealth of the country. Economic development is a maintainable boost in the standards of living of the people of a country. It implies an increase in the per capita income of every citizen. In the long run, economic development implies that there has been creation of more opportunities in the sectors of education, healthcare, employment and the conservation of the environment. Economic development is aimed at the overall well-being of the citizens of a country, as they are the ultimate beneficiaries of the development of the economy of their country. Michael P. ... ic and social choices available to individuals and nations by freeing them from servitude and dependence not only in relation to other people and nation-states but also to the forces of ignorance and human misery† Economic growth, usually expressed in terms of the gross domestic product or GDP of the country, refers to a rise in national or per capita income and product. If a production of goods and services in a country rises, ultimately means an increase in the overall income and the overall consumption of goods and services in the economy (Wolf, 2005). Economic growth can be either positive or negative. Negative growth can be referred to by saying that the economy is shrinking. Negative growth is associated with economic recession and economic depression. Economic growth is a narrower concept than economic development. It is defined as the increase in the value of goods and services produced by every sector of the economy. Experts have analyzed economic growth in various way s but the main difference lies in the fact that economic growth is generally measured with the mean of percentage. For example, GDP of a country is an example of economic growth (Parkin, 2008). The example of economic development can be social and/or financial development of the country, which is difficult to measure quantitatively. This is why economic growth is part of economic development; it helps to measure some of the whole system. Another difference between these two concepts is the type of changes. In economic growth, it takes only quantitative changes under considerations to determine the growth of an economy. For example the annual income of a country is a quantitative change and can indicate an economic growth if it has increased over time. Economic development, however, takes both

Critically evaluate Althussers and Marcuses critiques of capitalism Essay

Critically evaluate Althussers and Marcuses critiques of capitalism - Essay Example Althusser advanced a progressive critique of humanism, historicism, and empiricism, which he depicted as the medium of the influence of bourgeoisie ideology on the modern Marxist theory. Althusser’s collection of essays titled Pour Marx (1965) and Lire de Capital (1965) inspired a number of new left thinkers. He focused on the mature Marx as exhibited by his analysis of alienation in the capitalist society. The essays represented intellectually hard-line Marxism but not dogmatism. Althusser attempted to employ Marx’s tools such as mode and means of production to probe the production of Marxian knowledge and highlight its uniqueness from other philosophical systems. This aided in promoting the credibility of Marxism as a science. Althusser confronted contemporary softer interpretations of Marx’s work. In particular, he sought to reread Western Marxist theory and free it from Soviet dogmatism, as well as humanistic interpretations (Michael 2011, p.134). Meanwhile, he wanted to reinstate their pace in the class struggle. Pour Marx is considered as the founding text of the school of structuralism in Marxism. Although he refused to be labeled as a structuralist, he used structuralism to abolish the â€Å"knowing subject† as the centre of thought and action. According to Althusser, Marxism is not an ideology or a world view but a revolutionary science. He holds that Marxism should ultimately be the science of society. He claimed that Marx had introduced a theoretically plus practically revolutionary philosophy such as dialectical materialism (Ferretter 2006, p.32). According to Althusser, the â€Å"epistemological rupture† witnessed around 1845, climaxed Marx coming out as a ‘scientific’ theorist. Althusser wanted to sever ties from idealist (Hegel’s philosophy) and materialist (Feuerbachian) philosophies. Althusser adopted the method of â€Å"symptomatic reading,† which is a deep analysis of structures